Renaissance and reformation: The intellectual genesis

The intellectual parameters of western Christendom; The crisis of Scholasticism; Empire, papacy, Petrach, and the Italian Peninsuala to 1400; The Quattrocento to the death of Valla (1457); The Florentine Academy; The imitation of Christ; Fifteenth-century France; Paris, England, and Italy: Erasmus to 1511; Lefèvre, reuchlin, and Alcalá; the new century to 1516; Germany and luther; Protentantism: Tehe defeat of Erasmus; France 1520-1535; Secular supremacy, England, and the Swiss Confederation, 1520-1535.